The subject, verb phrase, objects and predicatives form the core of a sentence. Any other element is adverbial; it concerns the circumstances of the sentence (when, where) or relates the sentence to something else. There are four adverbials in the sentence below.
Lorna arrived (1)here (2)yesterday (3)by car (4)despite the rain.
Adverbials may always be added to a sentence, but some main verbs require adverbials for a well formed-sentence, as in the following example:
Lorna put the book onto the table.
As sentence elements, there are four main types of adverbials:
adverbial adjunct – integral to sentence meaning and can be removed leaving a well-formed sentence.
Mr Bibby saw her yesterday.
obligatory adverbial – integral to sentence meaning but cannot be removed.
They treated her well.
adverbial conjunct - linking the sentence to another, and is removable.
You thought it was true; however, I thought otherwise.
adverbial disjunct - making a comment on the sentence
Stupidly, I answered the question.
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